Loom for weaving pile fabrics



April 26, 1949.

Filed July 29, 1947 LOOM Foa wEAvING PILUFABRICS W. T. PICKING 4Sheets-Sheet l 1am... www? //f ATTORNEY.

April 26, 1949. w. T. PICKING 2,468,572

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS INVEN TOR pril 26, 1949. w, 're PicKlNGLOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICSL Filed July 29, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 3xNvENToR /f/S ATTORNEY April 26, 1949. w. T. PlcKlNG LOQM FOR WEAVINGPILE FABR'ICS 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July 29, -1947 FIG. 5.

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IN VE N TOF? Patented Apr. 26, l1949 LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICSWilliam Thomas Picking, Kidderminster, England Application July 29,1947, Serial No. 764,309 In Great Britain May 30, 1946 Claims.

This invention relates to looms for weaving pile fabrics of the kindwherein the pile threads are brought to the fabric as warp ends, and inwhich the pile threads are raised above the other warp ends whether thefabric is plain or patterned, whether the pattern is formed by jacquardor other mechanism, or whether the pattern is formed by pile threadswhich are specially printed or coloured either before or after weaving.

Further, the invention can be applied to looms in which only one shuttleor one needle is employed, or to looms in which two shuttles or twoneedles are employed.

The loom forming the subject of the present application provides a meanswhereby a method of weaving can be carried out, wherein the pile warpsare raised, looped over the pile wires, and lowered again to a positionwhich permits a shot of weft to be inserted above the pile warps so thatone complete row of one or more shot fabric is produced during onecomplete (forward and backward) movement of the beat-up sley, or onecomplete row of three or more shot fabric, is produced during twocomplete movements of the sley.

In this method of Weaving during each complete (forward and backward)movement of the beat-up sley it is necessary for the pile warps to makea complete up-and-down movement. During the same period the bindingchains move only from the lowest to the highest position, or vice versa.Thus, the pile warps are required to be moved at approximately doublethe speed as hitherto and in practice this is inconvenient and leads todifculties and places much increased strain on the raising and loweringgear for the pile warps. For instance where the up-and-down movement ofthe pile warps is produced by means of rollers operating on cams the camgear is required to operate at such high speed that the roller tends toleave the cam. Further, the harness employed for raising and loweringthepile warps is liable to become unfastened due to the quick jerkingaction which is imparted to it.

One of the objects of the present invention is to overcome thisdifficulty. Further objects of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following description.

According to the present invention, in a loom of the kind described andin which the beat-up sley on its backward movement moves behind the rearends of the pile wires the rear ends of the pile wires are lowered andraised between the time when the beat-up sley has passed the rear endsof the pile wires on its forward movement and before it passes to therear of the rear ends of the pile wires on its backward movement.

Also according to the present invention in a loom of the kind describedthe pile warps are looped over longitudinal pile wires, and the rearends of the pile wires are lowered and raised between the time when thebeat-up sley has passed the rear ends of the pile wires on its forwardmovement and before it passes to the rear of the rear ends of the pilewires on its backward movement. Further, I use short pile wires the rearends of which are in front of the dents of the beat-up sley when in itsbackward position, and the means for moving the pile warps laterally arewholly disposed behind the rear ends of the pile wires throughout theweaving operation.

The pile wires may have their rear ends disposed in anupwardly-projecting position, and the pile warps may be moved laterallyand lowered below the tops of said rear ends, the backward movement ofthe beat-up sley then uncovering the rear ends of the pile wires so asto allow of free access to the newly-formed pile loops.

The means for moving the pile warps laterally may consist of a singlereed disposed behind the beat-up sley, and this reed may have aforwardand-backward movement. The beat-up sley and the reed may bemounted on the same moving unit, the reed being disposed in spacedrelationship behind the beat-up sley.

The forward end portions of the pile wires for a substantial lengththereof may t closely into slots in a plate and may be pressure clampedbetween a bar on the breast beam and a clamping bar secured thereto.

The pile wires may be secured on the breast beam, which is movablymounted, means being provided to move the breast beam so as to lower therear end portions of the pile wires between the raised pile warps whenthe beat-up sley is in or near its forward position and the pile warpsare raised for looping over the rear ends of the pile wires. The bindingwarps are in the middle position at this time.

The pile wires are preferably mounted on the breast beam, which ispivoted on an axis parallel to its length, and means are provided forrocking the breast beam through a limited angle about said axis so as tolower and raise the rear end portions of the pile wires while the pilewarps are looped over them.

With the arrangement proposed by the present invention the length oftravel upwardly and downwardly of the pile warps is so far reduced thatthe speed of their movement is normal and not materially in excess ofthe speed used for existing looms of this type.

Further, when looping the pile warps over the ends of the wires andlowering them it sometimes happens that a pile warp will get caught onthe rear end of a pile wire. With the arrangement at present proposedthe wires are relatively short and their rear ends have adownward-andupward movement, and if a pile warp becomes. hung up on therear end of one of the pile wires it is still low enough to enable ashot of weft to pass above it and the hung-up pile warp is released bythe beat-up sley on its next forwardmovement.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a front View of a loom constructed in accordance with thisinvention;

Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fgure l;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but shows the breast beamcarrying the pile wires tilted so as to lower the rear end portions ofthe wiresk bem low the raised pile warps;

Figure e is a view which is similar to Figure 2 but shows the beat-upsley in its backward position and shows the breast beam returned to itsoriginal position;

Figure 5 is a sectional view in side elevation showing the breast beam,the pile wires and the methodl of supporting them;

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a pile wire, a severing knife forthe pile loops and the slotted plate;

Figure 7 is a sectional view showing one form of the fabric which can bemade in accordance with the present invention; and

Figure 8 is a sectional view showing another form of fabric which can bemade in accordance with the present invention.

The pile wires lll each have their rear end portions Il bent upwardly,and at the extreme rear end each is provided with an upward proiec'tioni2. These pile wires are short and consequently they are stiff and notlikely to bend laterally. Further, the pile wires lll extend between thedents ld of the beat-up sley when in its forward position but they aredisposed wholly in front of the beat-up sley when the latter is in itsrearward position.

Means are provided for moving the pile warps it when raised laterallyover the tops of the projections I2, and such means in the presentconstruction take the form of a single reed l5, the dents of which caneither be moved from side to side by mounting their ends in rails I6which can slide in the supporting structure I1 or which are laterallyflexible and can be bent sideways to move the pile warps laterally, orwhich are provided with curved portions for deflecting the pile warpslaterally as they are raised and lowered.

Each of the pile wires l@ is mounted in a slot i3 formed between theribs I9 on the underside of a plate 2U. The depth of the materialforming the pile wires is slightly greater' than the depth of thematerial of the plate where the ribs i9 are formed. The plate 29 isplaced on a shouldered bar 2l mounted on the breast beam 3d, and thisbar 2l is shouldered, as shown` at 23, to accommodate the ribs I9. Theplate 2D is secured by screws Z4 to the underside of a channel-sectionclamping bar 25, and this clamping bar 25 is secured by screws 2t to theshouldered bar 2l. With this arrangement, as the pile wires are.`slightly deeper than the ribs I9 1hey are '4 firmly gripped for asubstantial part of their length at their front ends in the slots I8.

Each pile wire may be slotted longitudinally at the top, as shown at 21,and engaging in each of these slots is a severing knife 28 the forwardend of which engages in one of a series of slots 29 in the rear edge ofthe plate 2li. These knives are for severing the pile loops as thefabric is moved forwardly by the take-up roller 3B.

The breast beam 34 carries the breast plate 22 having the usual strip 35for supporting the fabric, and at its ends the breast beam 34 isprovided with trunnions 3l upon which are fixed levers 32. These leversproject downwardly and have links 33 connected to their lower ends.These links are reciprocated by a cam or the like mounted on one of theshafts of the loom, such for instance as the primary cam shaft, with theresult that the structure to which the pile wires are attached is rockedabout the axis of the trunnions 3l. This rocking movementv has theeffect of lowering (see Figure 3) and raising (see Figure 2) the rearends of the pile wires.

The trunnions SI are supported in bearings 3tlattached to the loom frame35.

Preferably, the lowering movement is imparted to they rear ends of thepile wires approximately as the beat-up sley reaches its forwardposition. The effect of this is to lower the rear ends of the pile wiresbetween the raised pile warps ill while the pile warps are looped overtheir upper ends and lowered. The breast beam may be rocked back intoits original positionto raise the rear ends of the pile wires at thecommencement of the return movement of the beat-up sley or when the sleyhas made any desired part of its backward movement.

Figure 7 shows one form of fabric, a two shot weave, which can be madeon the loom described. Inv this fabric a rowr of pile loops is formed,and the binding chains 8 are crossed at each complete movement of thebeat-up sley. .The stuffers are shown at 9; Y

Figure 8 illustrates another form of fabric which can be woven upon theimproved loom. In

this fabricv a rowy of pile loops is formed during one complete movementof the sley, and the binding warps are crossed over during the nextcomplete movement of the sley. The fabric is a four shot fabric, andeach complete row of the fabric is formed during two complete beats ofthe sley. If required, one of the lower shots of weft may be omitted, ina manner well known, making a three shot fabric in which a completecycle of operations is performed at every two complete beats of thesley.

In carrying the present invention into effect it is necessary to provideco-ordinated driving gear for the beat-up sley and the means for raisingand lowering the pile warps and the means for inserting the weft. Thisdriving gear may take any suitable form, such for instanceA as thatdisclosed in my British specification No. 570,377.

As regards the means for reciprocating the rail l5, in the presentconstruction the rail lo moves with the beat-up sley, whereas theoperating gear for the rail It does not have this movement. Theoperating gear, which is similar to that described in my Britishspecification No. 570,377, incorporates a push-rod 36 sliding in abearing 3l, and the adjacent end of the rail It moves into a positionopposite the end of the push-rod 36 when the rail I6 is to be moved. Therail l5 is provided with a spring 38- to return it to its originalposition. f

What I claim then is:

1. A loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising a beat-up sley having abackwards and forwards movement, longitudinally arranged pile wires therear ends of which are disposed behind the beat-up sley when in itsforward position and in front of the beat-up sley when in its rearwardposition, means for raising and lowering the pile warps and for loopingthem over the rear ends of the pile wires, said pile raising andlowering and looping means and said beat-up sley operating so that thepile warps are raised loopedover the rear ends of the pile wires andlowered again to a position permitting of the insertion of an upper shotof weft during one complete (forward and backward) movement of thebeatup sley, said pile wires being mounted so that their rear ends canbe lowered and raised, and means for lowering and raising the rear endsof the pile wires between the time when the beatup sley has passed therear ends of the pile wires on its forward movement and before it passesto the rear of the rear ends of the pile wires on its backward movement.

2. A loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising a loom frame, a beat-upsley having a backwards and forwards movement, longitudinally-arrangedpile wires the rear ends of which are disposed behind the beat-up sleywhen in its forward position and in front of the beat-up sley when inits rearward position, a breast beam, means for securing the forwardends of the pile wires to the breast beam, trunnions at opposite ends ofthe breast beam, bearings on the loom frame supporting said trunnions,levers fixed on said trunnions, means for oscillating said levers so asto rock the breast beam and cause the rear ends of the pile wires to belowered and raised once during each complete movement of the beat-upsley, and means for raising and lowered the pile warps and for loopingthem over the rear ends of the pile wires.

3. A loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising a loom frame, a beat-upsley having a backwards and forwards movement, longitudinally-arrangedpile wires the rear ends of which are disposed behind the beat-up sleywhen in its forward position and in front of the beat-up sley when inits rearward position, means for raising and lowering the pile warps andfor looping them over the rear ends of the pile wires, a breast beam,means for securing the forward ends of the pile wires to the beast beam,said breast beam being pivotally mounted on the loom frame, and meansfor oscillating the breast beam.

4. A loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising a loom frame, a beat-upsley having a backwards and forwards movement, longitudinally-arrangedpileV wires the rear ends of which are disposed behind the beat-up sleywhen in its forward position and in front of the beat-up sley when inits rearward position, means for raising and lowering the pile warps andfor looping them over the rear ends of the pile Wires, a breast beam,means for securing the forward ends of the pile wires to the breastbeam, said breast beam being pivotally mounted on the loom frame, andmeans for oscillating the breast beam between I'the time when thebeat-up sley has passed the rear ends ofthe pile wires on its forwardstroke and before it passes the rear ends of the pile wires on itsbackward stroke.

5. A loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising a beat-up sley having abackwards and forwards movement, longitudinally arranged pile wires therear ends of which are disposed behind the beatup sley when in itsfor-ward position and in front of the beat-up sley when in its rearwardposition, means for raising and lowering the pile warps and for loopingthem over the rear ends of the pile wires, said pile raising andlowering and looping means and said beat-up sley operating so that thepile warps are raised loopedover the rear ends of the pile wires andlowered again to a position permitting of the simultaneous insertion ofshots of weft above and below the pile warps during one complete(forward and backward) movement of the beat-up sley, said pile wiresbeing mounted so that their rear ends can be lowered and raised, andmeans for lowering and raising the rear ends of the pile wires betweenthe time when the beat-up sley has passed the rear ends of the pilewires on its forward movement and before it passes to the rear of therear ends of the pile wires on its backward movement.

WILLIAM THOMAS PICKING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 730,438 Dornan June 9, 1903733,434 Shinn July 14, 1903 2,057,615 Hall Oct. 13, 1936 2,414,064Schulz Jan. 7, 1947

